Çatalhöyük archaeological site

Çhatalhöyük, 25 miles from Konya, translates as fork tumulus and was first excavated in 1958 by James Mellaart (later banned from Turkey following an archeological controversy). Eighteen layers of inhabitation have been discovered over a large area, showing that the settlement existed from around 7500 BC to 6400 BC. At its peak 10,000 people lived in the town, comprising interconnected homes made of mud and straw. Most houses were accessed through the roof, with the “streets” being on top of the houses.

Excavation is ongoing and a new visitor centre is being built to help boost visitor numbers to this UNESCO world heritage site – when we visited there were less than ten other people at the site.

Skeletons were found in holes under the floor where relatives were buried
Life-size recreation of a house

Konya

Konya is a large city in central Turkey with a population of approximately two million. It is known for being the most conservative city in Turkey and alcohol is virtually banned; however it is becoming more accepting as it has a large university. It attracts many Turkish visitors who come to visit the Mevlana Museum, but almost no overseas tourists. The museum is the most important Sufi site in the world and is the burial place of the 13th century poet and Sufi mystic, Rumi. Sufi is a sect of Islam, most known for the Whirling Dervishes. Rumi is reputed to be the most read poet in the USA. It is not hard to see why as many of his quotes have been translated from the original Persian and reproduced on posters – “Yesterday I was clever so I wanted to change the world. Today I am wise so I am changing myself.”

We also took time to sample the local food which comprises meat, meat and more meat…with bread. We were therefore surprised to find a large fruit and vegetable market, known as the Kadinlar Pazar (womens’ market). Our Turkish friends had warned us about the lack of alcohol, but no one had mentioned that every restaurant was Etli Ekmek (meat with bread) !

Mevlana Museum (left), Selimiye Mosque 16th century (right) – from our hotel
Rumi’s tomb
Sufi tombs

Road to Konya

The first leg of our trip to Cappadocia was the seven hour drive from Kalkan to Konya. We had made, what proved to be, a good decision to have a driver, given the long distances.

The route took us through the Turkish Lake District where we stopped at Lake Egirdir for lunch. The local fish was very good and very cheap. It is the fourth largest lake in Turkey, over 30 times the size of Lake Windermere and the surroundings reminded us of Switzerland.

The final stop before Konya was to visit a 13th century mosque in Beyşehır. Eşrefoğlu was built between 1296 and 1299 and features on the UNESCO world heritage site tentative list. Its roof is supported by 42 wooden columns. We were surprised to be allowed in during prayers with Sarah allowed in through the the mens’ entrance.

Ras al-Khaimah (RAK)

RAK is the capital of the emirate with the same name. The name means “the headland of the tent”, because a tent was erected to assist navigation. It is the most northerly of the emirates and RAK is very close to the border with Oman. While in the UAE you cannot go anywhere without seeing RAK, as RAK ceramics is one of the largest ceramic companies in the world and most of the bathrooms in the UAE have its products. RAK is also home to a number of other manufacturing companies, including “TurboTim”, strangely juxtaposed to the recently developed beach resorts.

We were not in RAH for the history, culture of tax breaks for industrials….it was our last stop and we were here to relax by the beach and pool.

United Arab Emirates

After three PCR tests in 48 hours we arrived in Dubai, one of the seven Emirates which form the UAE. The UAE came into being in 1971/72 as an elective monarchy. Prior to that it had been a British protectorate formed in 1820 following the signing of the General Maritime Treaty. This had resulted from two battles (1809 and 1819), against the Ras Al Khaimah emirate which had been led by a sultan who supported pirates in the region, mainly against the ships of the East India Company.

Oil exploration began in the 1950s, with commercial quantities discovered in 1960. This has brought great wealth, although the country has now diversified into finance, real estate, tourism and aviation. The current President since 2004 (and leader of Abu Dhabi) is Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan, but better known is the Deputy President, Prime Minister and leader of Dubai, Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum.

Al-Maha

Al-Maha is the only hotel in a 225 square km desert conservation park, representing approx. 25% of the land of the Dubai Emirate, close to the Oman boarder. The conservation area was created by the Maktoum family in the late 1990s, which is also when the hotel was built. The park relies on underground water to create lakes for birds and animals and to enable trees to survive in the harsh environment. The water pumps are powered by solar energy.

The hotel comprises 40 “tents”, all overlooking spectacular desert scenery. We took full advantage of the activities on offer to guests – nature walk/drive, falconry, “dune bashing” in a 4×4 and a private desert dinner (for which we were provided with a local mobile phone in the event of snake/scorpion emergencies; thankfully not needed.)

Sunrise in the mist – gazelle in foreground
Sunset over the dunes
Dunes, looking towards Oman
Bashed dune
Sundowners in the desert
Gazelle visits our room
Oryx – UAE’s national animal – following conservation, less endangered

Travels with Sumedha

On 26th January we first met Sumedha in Jaffna. He would be our guide and driver for the rest of our time in Sri Lanka (25 days). Sumedha lives in Kandy and works for our local agent. He had picked up the car in Colombo and driven nine hours to meet us.

We quickly learned that Sumedha, as well as being a devout Buddhist, is knowledgeable, conscientious and a control freak ! We also discovered the harsh realities of living in Sri Lanka during the pandemic. Our tour was his first since March 2020, since then he had received no money from his employer or the state. His sole source of income, to support his family of four, was part-time labouring on building sites.

Sumedha was the most cautious Sri Lankan driver that we came across, averse to risk amongst the chaos of crazy tuk-tuk drivers, bus drivers and other road users. On longer journeys Tim volunteered to drive, but this was not allowed. We were not even allowed to cross the road without supervision. We started to expect a few Sumedhaisms – have you got your passports and phones ?; please do not step on the ants; I learned about that on YouTube (including, how to fly a plane, apparently); I am fully vaccinated, but just incase I have a special Ayurvedic syrup, let me know if you would like some; and finally may the blessings of the triple gem be upon you (included in all WhatsApp messages).

Galle Fort

Galle was a significant seaport well before the Europeans’ arrival; Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta visited in 1342 and a stone tablet records the second visit of Chinese Admiral Zheng He (Chong Ho) in 1411. Cinnamon was exported from Sri Lanka as early as 1400 BC; the Portuguese used Galle as their base for exporting the spice in the early 16th century and started building the fort to protect themselves from the local Sinhalese.

The Dutch, who followed in the 17th century built the main structure of the fort before the British added to it in the 19th century. It is now a World Heritage site. Our hotel started off as a grand Dutch home and warehouse to which the British added a regency top floor. It was renovated to become a hotel in the early 2000s.

Outside the fort is Galle cricket ground which was virtually destroyed by the 2004 tsunami – the fort itself was afforded considerable protection by the ramparts, although it suffered a lot of more cosmetic damage much of which is yet to be repaired. In 2010 Muralitharan took his 800th test wicket at Galle.

Our hotel
Courtyard of our hotel
Galle lighthouse and mosque (many of the local traders are Islamic)
Sunset at the fort – popular with tourist but also, on this occasion, locals as it was a poya (full moon) holiday

Cooking with Danesha

Our agent knows that we like cooking so booked a private Sri Lankan cookery class. Earlier in our trip we saw a hotel hosted class which was more demonstration and photo opportunity than cooking. However, we were taken to the private home of Danesha who immediately took us in a tuk-tuk to a local market to buy vegetables and prawns.

Danesha was a charming and excellent teacher and together we prepared; fish curry, prawn curry, dhal, green bean curry, potato curry, fried aubergine salad and rice. Our driver, Sumedha, Danesha and her children joined us for lunch in her outside kitchen for the spicy dishes (unexpectedly so for Tim after eating a green chilli disguised as a green bean).